After a few strong years, automotive retail continues to return toward more “normal” levels. Since the onset of the pandemic, annual light vehicle volumes (“SAAR”) in the U.S. have barely crested the 17 million figure that prevailed consistently throughout 2015-2019. Alongside reduced sales volumes, the pandemic and ensuing chip shortage significantly reduced key expenses (headcount, advertising, and interest expense) while significantly raising margins on the vehicles that dealers were able to acquire and sell. For years, it’s been a question of when, not if, things would normalize. The more difficult follow-up question now is, “Where will earnings and margins normalize?” To answer that question, we look at volumes, days’ supply, and dealership profitability.