Corporate Valuation, Oil & Gas

September 19, 2016

Quick Facts: Eagle Ford

Over the previous weeks, we have discussed specific factors in the Eagle Ford like DUCs (Drilled but Uncompleted Wells) and how certain operators behave in this resource play. Today, we take a step back and review the broad characteristics of the Eagle Ford Shale resource. Download this information in a convenient PDF at the bottom of this post.

Eagle Ford at a Glance

First Discovered2008
Discovery as Viable Play2008
Primary ProductionOil
Oil TypeSweet, Light Crude
PlayUnconventional Shale
DrillingHorizontal, Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing
Top 3 Production CompaniesEOG Resources, BHP Billiton, Conoco Phillips
Breakeven$27 – $63 per barrel 1
Abnormal DUCs416 2
Production Since 20074,338 MMBOE 3
IssuesLikely to have High Entry Cost & Low Oil Prices
PotentialLow Breakeven Oil & Gas Prices due to High Productivity per Well & New Play so Large Amounts of Oil & Gas Remain
1 Bloomberg Intelligence county-level estimates 2 Drilled Uncompleted Wells with > 3 months in inventory as of January 2016; also referred to as fraclog (Bloomberg Intelligence) 3 EIA as of June 2016

Eagle Ford Shale

Located in south Texas, the Eagle Ford is the most active shale play in the world.   The shale’s potential was first recognized in 2008 when the first drillers, Petrohawk, found natural gas. Soon after that, other drillers began to enter the play and discovered not only significant natural gas reserves, but also large quantities of oil. Since then companies have invested heavily in Eagle Ford, with almost $30 billion spent on developing the play in 2013. In 2015, 57% of production was oil, and 43% of production was natural gas.

eagle-ford-shale-map

As with other oil and gas formations, the current price environment hampers profitability. However, the region has some of the lowest natural gas breakeven prices in the U.S. (according to Barclays) and the lowest shale oil breakeven prices after the Permian (according to Bloomberg).  Such low costs are likely to attract many large players to the region, particularly as other areas struggle. This in turn will raise the cost to enter the play.

Undiscovered, Recoverable Resources in Eagle Ford

Resource Estimate*
Recoverable Oil994 MMB
Recoverable Natural Gas52,428  BCF
Recoverable Liquid N.G.2,059 MMB
*Estimate calculated from the mean undiscovered, recoverable reserve estimates in the 2011 USGS report.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a geology-based assessment of the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in Upper Cretaceous strata of the U.S. Gulf Coast region, which includes the Eagle Ford Group. The amount of undiscovered, recoverable natural gas in the Eagle Ford exceeds that in the Permian Basin.

Eagle Ford Production

ef-oil-gas-production Baker Hughes collects and publishes information regarding active drilling rigs in the United States and internationally. The number of active rigs is used as a key indicator of demand for oilfield services & equipment. However, rig counts can be misleading if not considered along with production. Rig counts in the Eagle Ford drastically decreased in late 2014 and throughout 2015. However production did not experience the same scale of decline. This demonstrates that producers with average or poor locations, higher costs, and inefficiencies were forced out of the market, while those with good locations and lower costs continued to drill for oil and gas in the Eagle Ford.
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Quick Facts: Eagle Ford

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EP Second Quarter 2026 Permian Basin
E&P Second Quarter 2026

Region Focus: Permian Basin

The Permian Basin continued to demonstrate its resilience in the twelve-month period through June 30, 2026 (the review period). Despite a modest decline in rig counts, production reached new highs as operators continued to emphasize capital discipline, drilling efficiencies, and productivity improvements. Heightened geopolitical tensions introduced considerably greater volatility into commodity markets during the latter portion of the review period, yet oil prices ended above year-earlier levels and Permian public companies posted strong stock price appreciation. While basin operators continue to balance disciplined capital allocation with long-term production growth, the Permian remains the nation’s premier oil-producing basin and continues to demonstrate its ability to adapt to changing market conditions.
Just Released: Q2 2026 Oil & Gas Industry Newsletter
Just Released: Q2 2026 Oil & Gas Industry Newsletter
Regional Focus: The Permian BasinThe Permian continued to demonstrate its resilience in the twelve-month period through June 30, 2026 (the review period). Despite a modest decline in rig counts, production reached new highs as operators continued to emphasize capital discipline, drilling efficiencies, and productivity improvements. Heightened geopolitical tensions introduced considerably greater volatility into commodity markets during the latter portion of the review period, yet oil prices ended above year-earlier levels and Permian public companies posted strong stock price appreciation. While basin operators continue to balance disciplined capital allocation with long-term production growth, the Permian remains the nation’s premier oil-producing basin and continues to demonstrate its ability to adapt to changing market conditions.
Bryce Erickson Discusses the Changing Economics of Upstream Asset Valuations with Hart Energy
Bryce Erickson Discusses the Changing Economics of Upstream Asset Valuations with Hart Energy
Mercer Capital’s Energy Industry Team Leader, Bryce Erickson, ASA, MRICS, recently shared his perspective on upstream asset valuations in two features published by Hart Energy.Bryce joined other industry professionals at Hart Energy’s 2026 Energy Capital Conference, where he participated in the panel, “Asset Valuations in a High-Price World: Separating Signal from Noise.” The discussion examined how investors, lenders, and operators are assessing energy assets amid elevated commodity prices, increasingly scarce drilling inventory, and continued consolidation across the upstream sector.Markets Turn Their Attention to Tier 2 and Tier 3 AcreageIn a video interview with Hart Energy’s Chris Mathews, Bryce discusses how the scarcity of available Tier 1 acreage is directing greater attention toward Tier 2 and Tier 3 opportunities.As the inventory of premium drilling locations becomes increasingly concentrated, buyers are looking more closely at assets that may previously have received less attention. Higher commodity prices and continued improvements in drilling and completion techniques can make some of these locations more economically attractive. However, broad acreage classifications tell only part of the story. Investors must still examine the specific geology, operating costs, development plans, decline expectations, and risks associated with each asset. Bryce’s comments underscore the importance of disciplined, asset-specific underwriting as competition expands beyond traditionally defined core acreage.How the “Last Cheap Barrels” May Influence BidsHart Energy’s Lisa El-Amin further explores the relationship between inventory scarcity and upstream deal values in “How the Last Cheap Barrels May Be Shaping Today’s Bids” (subscription required).The article considers how competition is shifting toward a diminishing pool of drilling locations capable of generating attractive returns at approximately $50 oil, with much of that inventory concentrated in the Permian Basin. As low-breakeven locations become harder to acquire or replace, buyers may be willing to place greater value on assets offering durable inventory, favorable cost structures, and a long development runway. The result is an M&A market in which bids are increasingly influenced by the quality and scarcity of future drilling opportunities—not simply current production or near-term commodity prices.Valuation ImplicationsTogether, the two Hart Energy features highlight that asset quality and inventory durability are becoming more visible, and potentially more valuable, as the shale sector matures.Determining how these factors affect a particular company or asset requires careful analysis of its reserves, development inventory, cost structure, operating assumptions, and expected cash flows. Mercer Capital has assisted clients with a wide range of valuation needs in the upstream oil and gas industry across both conventional and unconventional plays in North America and around the world. Contact a Mercer Capital professional to discuss your valuation needs in confidence.

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